Lock



LOCK

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A i@ mii EHE! oct.v 26, 1937.

Patented Oct. 26, 1937 UNETED STATES PATENT OFFICE 10 Claims.

My invention relates to locks but particularly to locks of the cylindertype in which a key rotatable cylinder has radially movable tumblers orwafers which variably project to normally lock the cylinder againstrotation and which, by the insertion of the proper key, are withdrawn orbrought into proper alignment to permit rotation of the cylinder.

With locks of this type the usual construction has been to provide achannel in the stationary case surrounding the cylinder into whichchannel the ends of the tumblers or wafers projected to lock thecylinder against rotation when the key was withdrawn. With thisconstruction the lock may be readily picked by exerting rotary effort onthe cylinder and then inserting suitable tools into the keyhole andsluiting and cramming the tumblers or wafers, one at a time, intoreleasing position so that the cylinder could then be turned Withoutneed of .the proper key.

The main object of my invention is to provide simple structure andoperation for preventing such picking of the lock. In general theinvention contemplates the elimination of the stationary locking slotfor receiving the tumbler or wafer ends, and the insertion between thecylinder and the surrounding casing of a cylindrical floating sleeve orshell with a longitudinal slot therethrough for receiving the tumblerends, which shell serves, when attempt is made to rotate the cylinderand pick the lock without the use of the proper key, to operate lockingmeans which will lock the cylinder to the surrounding casing and thusprevent operation of the lock. Upon turning of the cylinder without theuse of the proper key the projected tumblers will carry along the freelyrotatable shell which can therefore aord no stationary surface againstwhich the tumblers could be crammed or wedged during attempts to pickthe lock, but, before the cylinder can be rotated far enough forunlocking movement of means to be controlled by the lock, the lockingmechanism within the lock will be actuated by the sleeve to lock thecylinder to the stationary casing.

The various features and details of my invention are incorporated in thestructures disclosed on the drawing, in which drawing Figure 1 is a sideelevation of a lock structure with a lock shaft extending therefrom;

Figure 2 is an enlarged plan View Voi" the lock body with the outerstationary casing in horizontal diametral section;

VFigure 3 is a side elevation with parts in v ertical diametral section;

(Cl. 'l0-419) Figure 4 is a section on plane IV-IV of Figure 2;

Figure 5 is a section on plane V--V of Figure 2; and

Figure 6 is a developed View to more clearly illustrate the lockoperation.

'Ihe lock structure shown comprises the tubular cylindrical casing I0for surrounding and journaling the lock cylinder or barrel II, thecasing in practice being stationarily mounted in a suitable slipport. Atits outer end the casing I0 receives Va collar or bushing I2 rigidlysecured therein and having the outer flange I2 for abutting the outeredge of the casing.

The lock cylinder or barrel II is cylindrical and has the neck I3 at itsinner end oi reduced diameter. At its outer end the cylinder has thehead I4 abutting against the outer edge of the ange I2 of the collar I2,the cylinder at its outer end having bearing in the collar. inner endthe reduced neck I3 of the cylinder has bearing in the internal lugI5'on the casing Ill. o A

The lock cylinder shownhas a longitudinal row of vertical diametrallyextending passageways I5 for the tumbler wafers I6, a compression springI'I being provided for each tumbler and seating in a niche I8 to abutagainst a lateral arm I9 of the respective tumbler so that normally thetumblers are projected variable distances beyond the periphery of thecylinder, the casing I0 being provided with circumferentially` extendingslots 20 for receiving the tumbler ends.

Between the casing IJ and the cylinder Il is interposed a cylindricalshell or sleeve 2| which at its front end is concentric with and abutsthe inner edge of the collar' I2 and at its rear end abuts the bearinglug I5 so as to be conned against axial movement. This sleeve has theopening or slot 22 through which the tumbler ends extend when the key Kis withdrawn from the cylinder. When'the key designed for the lock isinserted into the keyhole 23 vthe tumblers are shifted radially to beentirely within the periphery of the cylinder so that the cylinder maythen be turned relative to the casing Ill.` The sleeve 2l may alsobeprovided with a slot 22 diametrally opposite the slot 22 in case acylinder structure is used in which the tumblers normally project inopposite directions beyond the cylinder periphery when the key iswithdrawn. With such tumbler arrangement the casing `Il! has also alower set of circumferential 4slots 20. As shown the bushing I2 hasupper and lower slots 24 and 24 registering With the rst upper and lowerslots in the At its A Cru casing and registering-also with the upper andlower slots 22 and 22 in the sleeve 2| when Vthe lock is in normalposition. The widths of the slots 22, 22 and 24, 24 are a trifle morethan the widths of the tumbler wafers so that these wafers may readilymove in and out under normal conditions without binding. With thearrangement thus far described, when attempt is made to turn thecylinder without the use of the proper key the outer tumbler |6 willabut against the slot in the stationary bushing |2 and turning of thecylinder will be prevented. In order therefore to turn the cylinderwithout the key this rst tumbler must first be picked and moved inwardlyout of the bushing slot or slots. However, if after withdrawing thefirst tumbler the cylinder is rotated the other projecting tumblers willengage against the side of the slots ln the sleeve 2| and this sleevewill turn with the cylinder. This turning movement of the cylinder isutilized to actuate locking mechanism for positively locking thecylinder to the casing after a slight rotary movement of the sleeve withthe cylinder. In the casing I0 are two longitiudinally extendingrectangular channels 25 and'25 in which rectangular pawls 26 and 26 areshiftable, these pawls being held in the channels by the neck I3 of thecylinder MidwayV between the channels a pin 2`| secured in the casing I0pivots a Walking beam 28 which at its end abuts against the outer endsof the pawls, the walking beam being held in position by the neck I3 ofthe cylinder. With this arrangement, upon outward ,shift ofY one of thepawls, the other pawl will be shifted inwardly. At their inner ends andtheir inner sides the pawls are cut away to provide the .inclinedsurfaces or faces 29 and 29 respectively.

At its inner end the sleeve 2| has notches 30 and 30V cut therein withwhich the inner ends of the pawls register, these notches having theinclined sides or edges 3|, 3| for cooperation with Vthe beveled faces29 and 29 of the pawls so that upon rotation of the sleeve 2| in eitherdirection the corresponding pawl will be cammed outwardly, the walkingbeam will be'rotated, and the other pawl shifted inwardly.

Means are provided for normally yieldably holding the cylinder and thesleeve in normal position with the sleeve slots 22 in alignment with thetumbler passages. As shown, the outer end of the neck |3 of the cylinderis hollow to provide a cylindrical chamber 32 from which a bore 33 ofreduced diameter extends through the front part of theneck |3. Atransmission shaft-or rod 34 extendsafdistance into the chamber 3,2 andhas the reduced end 35 for engaging in the bore 33, a pin 36 extendingthrough the neck 3 and theshaft end 35 to secure the shaft to the neckand thereforethe cylinder structure so that upon turning ofthe Ycylinderstructure the shaft will be turned. At the chamber'32 the neck |3Vis cutaway thus providing abutment edgesor shoulders 31 and 38 which are inalignment with the lower edges of lugs 39 and 40 on the inside of thecasing |0 and extending longitudinally. A coiled spring 4| is receivedwithin the chamber 32 and surrounds the end 35 of the shaft 34, the ends42 and 43 of the spring extending laterally to engage Ythe respectiveshoulders 31 and 38 and the lugs 39 and 40. When the lock is in normalposition the shoulders and lugs are in Valignment as shown in Figure 4.

AtV the inner end ofV the Vcylinder are locking notches 44 and 44 forcooperating with the ends ofthe pawls, each of these notches having an;outer straight locking abutment edge or shoulder.

45 and at its inner end the incned face 46. in the normal position ofthe lock as shown in Figures 2 and 3 the notches 30 and 30' of thesleeve 2| are in alignment with the cylinder notches` 44 and 44', thecylinder notches being smaller than the sleeve notches and the sleeveend projecting a Vdistance beyond the cylinder as plainly shown inFigure 6. In this normal position the pawls 26 and 26' have their innerends in alignment with the inner end of the cylinder and their beveledfaces in alignment with the beveled edges 3|, 3| of the slots 30 and 30as shown in Figures 2 and 3. If now the proper key be inserted in thekeyhole the lock tumblers or wafers will be cammed in to release thecylinder for turning with the key and consequent turning of the shaft 34for unlocking of mechanism to be controlled, the shaft 34 being shown asprovided with a cam pin 4'|r for connection with a lock bolt or other Ylocking means to be unlocked. During such legitimate turning of the-lock cylinderthersleeve 2| and the pawl mechanism will remain at rest.

Should, however, attempt be made to-rotate thecylinder with any deviceor tool other than the proper key such rotation will be resisted by theouterlock tumbler |6 which projects through the slot in the stationarybushing I2. This tumbler would then have to be picked first beforefurther rotative effort could be applied on the cylinder. However suchrotation of the cylinder would cause rotation therewith of the sleeve'2| engaged by the remaining projecting tumblers.

Suppose this rotation effort is in the direction of 'Y the arrowindicated onFigures 2, 3, ando. Im-

mediately as the sleeve starts to rotate with the barrel the inclined orcam surface 3| on the sleeve will engage the beveled end of the pawl 26and will shift this pawl outwardly (Figure .6), which causes rotationofthe Walkingbeam 28 and inward'shiit of the pawl 26 and-as the fcylinder rotates its locking notch 44 is brought into position toreceive the end .of the inwardly shifted pawl 26 andthe straight Afaceor abutment 45 of the notch 44 `abuts the pawl and further rotation ofthe cylinder isprevented as the pawl locks the cylinder to the casing.This slight rotary movement of the sleeve locks the cylinder againstfurther rotation so that the shaft 34 cannot be turned a sufficientdistance to effect unlocking of the mechanism controlled by the lock.After locking of the cylinder by the'pawl mechanism the entirerotational strain on the cylinder will be taken up by the pawlmechanism, and as the slots in the sleeve are wider than the slots inVthe cylinder, the sleeve after lockingV of4 the cylinder, will haveconsiderable play and freedom` in both directions of rotation so thatthe sleeve cannot be utilized as a means against which theV tumblerscould be crammed bythe person attempting to pick the lock and picking isthus frustrated.

- VIf the picker-,being frustrated against-rotating the Ycylinder inonedirection, should attempt to rotate the Ycylinder in the oppositedirection, the cam surface 3| on the sleeve will encounter'the beveledsurface of the pawl 26 and shift this pawl outwardly away from thecylinder but thereby causing inward shift of the other pawl 26-into thelocking notch 44'of the cylinder and the cylinder will be again lockedagainst further rotaf tion; As soon as the picking toolsV are Withdrawnthe spring k4| will return the cylinder to its nor' mal position and theprojected tumblers will alsorotate v'the sleeve' 2| back to its normalposition land during return of the cylinder to normal,A

' key.

position the respective cam yface 46 on the cylinder Awill shift out therespective pawl to its unlocking position and return the pawl structureto normal position with thepawl ends out of the cylinder slots 44, 44and with their beveled faces alongside of the respective cam surfaces 3|and 3| on the sleeve, and the lock will now be in condition for properoperation with the proper I have shown a practical and efficientembodiment of the various features of my invention'but I do not desireto be limited to the exact construction, arrangement and operation shownand described as changes andmodiications may be made without departingfrom the scope of the invention as outlined in the accompanying claims.

I claim as follows:

1. In a lock structure, the combination of a casing, a rotatablecylinder in said casing having radially extending locking tumblers, asleeve Within said casing surrounding said cylinder and having a slotfor receiving the cylinder tumblersl when projected, said sleeve beingfree to rotate by the engagement of the projected tumblers therewithwhen the cylinder is rotated, and means separate from said sleeve andcontrolled during the initial part of such rotary movement of the sleevewith the cylinder to directly lock the cylinder against furtherrotational movement.

2. A lock structure comprising a casing, a cylinder rotatable in saidcasing and having radially projectable tumblers, a sleeve freelyrotatable in said casing and surrounding said cylinder and having a slotfor receiving the tumblers when projected and by which said sleeve willbe caused to rotate with said cylinder when the tumblers have not beenwithdrawn by the insertion in the cylinder of a proper key, a lockingmember separate from said sleeve and movably mounted Within said casing,and means controlled by the rotary movement of said sleeve with saidcylinder for interlocking said locking member with said cylinder toprevent further rotational movement thereof.

3. In a lock structure of the class described, the combination of acasing, a cylinder rotatable within said casing and having radiallymoving tumblers normally projected therefrom, a sleeve rotatable withinsaid casing and surrounding said cylinder and having a slot forreceiving the projected tumblers, said tumblers being adapted to bewithdrawn from the sleeve slot by the insertion of a proper key in thecylinder whereafter said cylinder may be turned to operate the lockwithout causing rotation of said sleeve, the projected tumblers causingrotation of the sleeve with the cylinder if attempt is made to rotatethe cylinder Without the proper key, a looking bolt shiftable on saidcasing, said cylinder having a locking notch, and means controlledduring the initial rotational movement of said sleeve lwith saidcylinder to cause said locking bolt to be projected into said lockingnotch whereby to lock said cylinder to the casing against furtherrotational movement therein.

4. In lock structure of the class described, the combination of acasing, a cylinder rotatable in said casing and having shiftabletumblers with means tending normally to shift the tumblers Voutwardlybeyond the cylinder periphery, a shell rotatable within said casing andsurrounding the cylinder and having a slot for receiving the ends of theprojected tumblers whereby turning of said cylinder Without withdrawalof the tumblers will cause rotational movement of the sleeve with thecylinder, said sleeve having a cam surface, said cylinder having alocking abutment, and locking mechanism on said casing engageable bysaid cam surface to be applied to said cylinder abutment when saidsleeve rotates with the cylinder whereby further rotational movement ofthe cylinder will be prevented.

5. In a lock, the combination of a casing, a lock cylinder in saidcasing having transverse passageways therethrough and locking tumblersshiftable in said passageways to normally project beyond the endsthereof and to be withdrawn into the cylinder when the proper key isinserted in the cylinder, and structure intermediate said casing andcylinder and having passageways for coinciding with opposite ends ofsaid tumbler passageways to receive the ends of projected tumblers, saidintermediate structure being movable with the projected tumblers uponturning of thev cylinder whereby to retain the passageways therein inalignment with the tumbler passageways, and means separate from saidintermediate structure and controlled by the movement of saidintermediate structure with the cylinder to directly lock the cylinderagainst further rotational movement.

6. In a lock structure, the combination of a casing, a lock cylinder insaid casing having tumbler passageways therethrough and lockingturnblers shiftable in said passageways to project therefrom at eitherend thereof, a freely circumferentially embracing movable element withinsaid casing, means whereby said element will move with said cylinderwhen said cylinder is Vturned Without retracting said tumblers, and

means separate from said movable element and controlled by the movementof said movable element to lock said cylinder against further movementafter an initial movement of said element with said cylinder.

7. In a lock structure, the combination of a casing, a rotatablecylinder in said casing having transversely extending locking tumblers,a sleeve Within said casing surrounding said cylinder and having a slotfor receiving the locking tumblers when projected, said sleeve beingfree to rotate with the cylinder by the engagement of the projectedtumblers with the sleeve when the cylinder is rotated, and meansseparate from said sleeve and controlled during the initial part of suchrotary movement of the sleeve with the cylinder to directly lock thecylinder against further rotational movement.

8. In a lock structure, the combination of a casing, a lock member insaid casing having passageways and locking tumblers shiftable in saidpassageways to project therefrom, a freely movable sleeve within saidcasing, means whereby said sleeve will move with said lock member whensaid lock member is moved without retracting said tumblersand meansAseparate from said sleeve and controlled by the movement of sai-dmovable element to lock said lock member against further movement afteran initial movement of said movable sleeve with said lock member. l

9. In a lock, a lock cylinder, tumblers carried by the lock cylinder andyieldably projected from the lock cylinder, a stationary mounting memberto rotatably mount the cylinder, said stationary mounting member havingrecesses to receive the projected ends of the tumblers, said recessesbeing wider than the width of the tumblers to allow a having openingsthrough which the tumblers project for engagement with the recesses ofthe stationary member, said openings being narrower than the recesses sothat the edges thereof are near the'tumblers to be engaged by thetumblers upon turning of the lock cylinder While the tum- Y blers areprojected so that said edges move with the tumblers reaching the edgesof the recessesln e the stationary mounting member.

10. Ina locking structure, the combination of a casing, a rotatablecylinder in said casing having radially extending locking tumblers, asleeve within said casing surrounding said cylinder and having a slotfor receiving the cylinder tumblers when projected, said sleeve beingfree to rotateV by the engagement of the projected tumblersV therewithwhen the cylinder is rotated, and means movable relative to said sleeveand controlled during the initial part of said rotary movement with thecylinder toY directly lock the cylinde against further rotationalmovement. e

THEODORE H. JOHNSTONE. 1

